2013-10-25 08:04|鿴:16066|:0|:С
ֳݻӢevolutionѧָȺŴ״֮ı仯ν״ָı֣ЩڷֳУᾭƲݵӴͻʹ״ı䣬ɸ֮Ŵ졣״ֻΪǨ֮ˮƽתƣŻȺдݡЩŴܵȻѡŴƯӰ죬ȺбýΪձϡʱͱʾ˽Ե˵ʵʱǣȺƵʵĸı䡣
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ָһȺԻзֳΪĸ塣һַɸΪܵ谭IJͬȺʱټͻ䡢ŴƯ䣬벻ͬڲͬ״ʹۻµ֮֡ʾֽ֪ǴӹͬȻȻֻ
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ӢеġevolutionһʣԴĵġevolvereԭ˼ǽһһĶĽʷϣͬڵʽչһ̡ӢֵҲСչӾлȡ֮壬˷ɽ
1859ġԴһ1876ĵ棬Ҳԡevolvedֽβʱʹáıļ̳Сdescent with modificationı̡process of modificationǡָıԭdoctrine of the modification of speciesȡڡԴ7˵Ľadvance˲retrogression˵ӵ￪ʼǽ˲ڵ10ۣеﶼǾʱĽij̶ȶûΥģչͣ
ڡԴ汾ˡEvolutionֶΣֱԵسΪTheory of evolutionȷķơǷʵۣǷ֮⡣ڽ˵
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Դĵһİ䷭룬ڵ汾ͬͨеġһʣѧΪԴǺƺڴãáۡһµģɽʢ̨֮ۡ⣬һ̨ѧߡ̿Ҳһą́ۡȴĿαԡݻۡ棬Ӵ¾ѧҲ֪ͬһۡ
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ıΪ֣Ҳܹѧģֵ͡ѧnumerical taxonomyΪ֣Щֽз࣬ҳǵԵϵ
ڵѧһΪĽԴڻı죨Ľ۵㣩ͻһЩԣ˸ӵḶ̌Լѧģ͡ڵѧʹԵģͣ罫Ϊÿһżһϵ˹ƴ˶żÿһеĻƵʡֽ÷ԵķʽһֳΪֳɾͿռ䣨fitness landscapeͼΣڷֳϵ֮ԡͼοԿвͬͬʱнϸߵֳɾ͡
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ֱ̥Ʒڼ䣬̥ѧڽƵĽͲû̫ĽչǽĽѧEvolitionary developmental biologyEvo Devoоѧ뷢ѧѧŽϣͻĸıڶ̬Ŀƹ̡ͬʱҲ൱Ķ֮䣬ҲӵͬĵػԼͬĻڲͬʱռ䣬вͬáЩض̵ĻҪΪһHox
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ѧﻯѧùĸַӣоԵϵЩӰ˺ǺᣨRNAȥǺᣨDNAȡڵĿѧѾûԽЩӵļСжоЩеѧŷֱΪѧѧһָΪӵѧרŷ졣
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ֳĹУȾɫϵκһԵλһŴһǶֳֶԣ״ͬԴȾɫеĵλֳϸļѹУᷢ顣һֲͬǺѲϵĹ̡
ԭܹ֮Ӻϵȷʽֱӽ˴˵ĻԭҲȽϳϸӵĶֲֳͨϸļʱڣΪȾɫĻcrossover顣ķƵʽϵͣλýϽӽĵλҲϲ˿ɵλʼλá
ֳеϵ¶Ŵܹʹкͻ䱻ͻ䱻ΪкͻЧ˵һλлʱYȾɫ壩ΪкͻۻʹȺЧȺСӢeffective population sizeдNeΪϣɭЧӦHill-Robertson effectȾɫ˻Ϊϳ֣Muller's ratchetȽ׳ֳС
Ŵһ澭ֳݵһΪֱתƣһҲˮƽתƣӢhorizontal gene transferдHGT֮ڻ֮䴫ݡϸʹַʽоֿпֵˮƽתƴڡgene flowָ֮תơ
ͣŴӣDzͣڱ֣ĸͱҲӵбͿԣphenotypic plasticityܹڻδı״仯ܹŴһ˻ĸı䣬ȾɫȻܸıֳܹ룬ʹγɡ
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γʱΪֱӹ۲óDzѧĽۡǿѧķֲǾɿظʵ飬˵uniformitarianismʹѧҵþԭγɵҲֲд㣨sticklebackҶȫectodysplasinλоתγɵģ͡һƵĹ۵㣬Ϊ۽ǿԹ۲죬۽۲졣ں۽Ļ۽ͬԺ۽ʵѾ۽б۲졣֮еıȽϣҲʾŴ죬ͿԵ൱ı仯
Щ۵ΪӸԵΣΥѧڶɡѧϵIJָһϵͳУֻӻάֲ䣬ʹõ٣շӦڶ̬ƽ⡣ֹ۵̬ϵʵϲDZպϵͳ̬ϵõܣ̫У̫̫̫յϵͳΥѧڶɣΪ̫ܣԶ衣
ǰͳ1980һѡбʾһֻۣһѧֱۣȻڿѧܵսδѧΪȷ˵ǿֻһۣԲʵڵȻԿѧҶԣ۲ʵʵָõϻݣǶʵĽ뷨˵ѧУҪۣ̽ҲҪʥ϶ԴĽͣķָ֣˽شʵ෴
2005ݶѧУоѧУ2004꿪ʼڵǻΥɣѧΪ˾Ӵ˷ڴۡ
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